The Facts and History Of Community Policing

The Facts and History Of Community Policing Network policing is a way of thinking that advances and supports authoritative procedures to address the reasons for wrongdoing to lessen the dread of wrongdoing and social issue through critical thinking strategies and network police associations. The historical backdrop of policing began everything. There was a well-known axiom that the individuals who can't recollect the past are sentenced to rehash it (Jeffrey Patterson). There are numerous officials who accept that the historical backdrop of police work started the day they initially put on their identification and their weapon belt. In view of this idea, every development in law implementation is by all accounts something new, without authentic setting. To all the more likely see how network policing work today law requirement managers should contemplate their history intently. Our issues today are intense, yet its the same old thing. All through my paper will be a ton of information on this. History of Community Policing The historical backdrop of current law implementation started 166 years prior with the development of the London Metropolitan Police District in 1829. By making this new police power, the British Parliament would have liked to diminish the taking off crime percentage in and around the countries capital. The standards embraced by Sir Robert Peel, the main head of the London Metropolitan Police filled in as the conventional model for all British and American police powers from that point onward. These standards incorporate the utilization of crime percentages to decide the adequacy of the police; the significance of a halfway found, freely open police central station; and the estimation of legitimate enlistment, choice, and preparing. The best development presented was the foundation of customary watch zones, known as beats. Prior to 1829, the police just reacted after a wrongdoing had been accounted for. Watches happened on events, and any wrongdoing prevention or misgiving of lawbreakers in the demonstration of perpetrating violations happened nearly coincidentally this how terrible police reaction was. Anyway Peel allocated his Bobbies to explicit geographic zones and he considered them answerable for forestalling and smothering wrongdoing inside the limits of their zones. He put together this technique with respect to his conviction that the constables would: Become known to general society, and residents with data about crime and would be bound to tell a natural figure than a more odd, that they would get comfortable with individuals and puts and would have the option to perceive dubious people or crime, and they would be exceptionally obvious on their posts, tending to prevent crooks from carrying out wrongd oings in their neighborhood. To completely execute his beat idea, Sir Robert Peel established his subsequent advancement: The Paramilitary Command Structure. Strip accepted that general regular citizen control was fundamental, he additionally accepted that lone military order would guarantee that constables really strolled their beats and implemented the law on Londons horror rate avenues, something their guards, had neglected to do. Things were distinctive in early American Policing. American policing created similarly of the London police. Most major U.S. urban communities had built up metropolitan police offices when of the Civil War. Like the London police power, these offices embraced a paramilitary structure; officials wore blue garbs and strolled doled out beats. In any case, in contrast to the Bobbies, American officials conveyed weapons and were leveled out of the order of politically selected nearby area commanders. The British immediately held onto the Bobbies as one of their most dearest national images; anyway Americans took a gander at their police in much lower regard. By the turn of the century, the dynamic development started to advance polished methodology in law implementation as one of the fundamental segments of restoring metropolitan legislative issues. Worry about defilement and fierceness in nearby police powers made the State takeover some city divisions and this prompted the formation of new State police associations expelled from the undermining impacts of neighborhood ward legislative issues. Reformers attempt to prevent the police from political impedance while holding neighborhood government control. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), which was established in 1893, quickly required the appropriation of a common assistance work force framework and the centralization of expert in solid official positions, which could control the region skippers. Construction standards, made sure about lodging for the destitute, fabricated and directed play areas for kids, and they likewise secured positions for ex-convicts. Reformers accepted that these obligations gave such a large number of chances to political preference and utilized an excessive number of assets that could be better spent battling wrongdoing. They mentioned the police to surrender social work and focus on law implementation more. I for one think these things were smart thoughts and that it allowed such a significant number of individuals the chance to better themselves after their missteps. The genuine main impetus was innovation including the measurable studies of ballistics, science, and fingerprinting, yet for the most part the car, the phone, and the radio. The radio prepared watch vehicle permitted officials to react to calls for administration got by the police switchboard. Simultaneously, it took officials off the walkway and put them in the city, hustling from episode to occurrence watching the group just from a separation. There were some unintended outcomes since organizations got separated between the old-clocks and school instructed officials. Requests for productivity, objectivity, and self-rule prompted isolates, generic perspectives toward the network and protection from any course from chose political pioneers. Pundits addressed whether demonstrable skill truly was being rehearsed at the nearby level. Police divisions introduced common assistance merit frameworks for recruiting and advancement. They received a general code of morals and shaped an expert affiliation. They bolstered their practices through information dependent on experience. In any case, these neighborhood law authorization organizations didn't lead a genuine logical examination, nor did they require a professional education to work in the field. In 1962, the San Francisco Police Department built up a particular unit dependent on the idea that police would help lessen wrongdoing by diminishing misery and by going about as a social assistance organization to change a portion of the challenges experienced by minorities. Individuals didn't know what techniques they ought to apply to serving the minority populace. The unit likewise confronted the issue of how to keep up its way of life as a police association and simultaneously win the certainty of the minority bunch populationwho were normally viewed as a police issue. In the end, the relationship of trust between the police unit and the network prompted numerous conventional grumblings of unfortunate behavior against some cops, fixing the units distance from the standard of the division. The program before long died and it changed the earth they assisted with making. During the 1970s, another technique came up-group policing. The backers of group policing perceived that in the previous years, because of changes in the social atmosphere and to changes in police watch strategies (more watch vehicles, less foot watch), many police organizations disengaged themselves from the network. This separation makes wrongdoing control progressively troublesome. The group policing idea appointed duty regarding a specific geographic region to a group of cops who might gain proficiency with the area, its kin, and its issues similar to the old cop on the beat. But since power would not be focusing on one individual, the group policing model presented less risk of defilement. Distinctive American urban areas attempted various types of group policing, yet none of them at any point got past the restricted pilot-venture stage, and all in the long run fell by the wayside. The principle purpose behind group policing disappointment rested with its logical inconsistency of the essential precepts of demonstrable skill. It put more accentuation on long haul critical thinking than on quick reaction to occurrences, making execution estimations troublesome, it additionally crossed practical lines of power, disregarding the hierarchy of leadership and intruding on the turf of analysts and other specific units. Like group policing, network policing is established in the conviction that the conventional official on the beat will bring the police and the open nearer together. It additionally keeps up the expert models support for instruction and examination. Rather than reacting to crisis calls and capturing crooks, network policing officials commit their time accomplishing social work, working freely and making answers for the issues on their beats. They make broad individual contacts, both inside and outside their offices. All of ties into the police culture that qualities wrongdoing battling, standard working strategies, and a paramilitary hierarchy of leadership. There were numerous mix-ups of the past: absence of arranging, crucial, and constrained execution, and individual assessment, absence of effectiveness, expected debasement, and issues of assessment. In my decision the historical backdrop of network policing ought to be concentrated by our officials today, since it can help and change a couple of things that are going on, even better diffuse a few issues, on the grounds that the historical backdrop of police work doesn't started the day an official first puts on his/her firearm belt.

Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Publicizing - Essay Example My primary contention bases on the way that Advertisement is valuable, and I bolster this thought. To help my perspectives, I think about the decision of Unappreciated Benefits of promoting and business Speech by Adam Thierer. As indicated by Adam Thierer, the State authorities, the Attorney General and the Federal delegates are in the fore-front attempting to manage the way toward publicizing and business promoting. Many overseeing activities are being proposed while some are now in real life. Adam Thierer makes reference to that these overseeing rules will antagonistically influence or decrease the procedure of business publicizing or advertising on a few stages. The normal effect of this decrease in publicizing and promoting are the immediate and roundabout mischief to the shopper government assistance, and the primary driver is on the grounds that most buyers; people, the network and society overall, rely upon business discourse for their separate image of items (Clow, Kenneth and Donald Baack, 67). As indicated by Adam Thierer, influenced stages contain a portion of the good old media, which itself incorporates Radio and TV telecasters and the papers. Other influenced stages incorporate the spic and span news sources which includes online systems, web, informal communities, cell phones, computer games and some helpful TVs. This expanded administering activism would come without hesitation comparable to items and issues like liquor, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, children’s advertisements web based promoting, during the children’s TV programs, the adequacy of promotions on TVs, item tributes and the item commitment publicizing. Potentially, the most unmistakable exertion of these overseeing rules is the most recent push to uphold an administrative framework on information assortment and internet promoting (Gifford and Clive, 37). Also, this was all for the sake of empowering customer protection. What's more, this is required to incorporate a â€Å"Do Not Track† m ethod.

Writing College Essays For Money - Is it Really Worth It?

Writing College Essays For Money - Is it Really Worth It?Writing college essays for money is not always easy. There are many obstacles, however, that can make it look easy, but they do not make the situation any easier.Not everyone has the opportunity to get financial assistance to get a college education. If you do have this kind of support, it can make life much easier and make it more feasible to do a college assignment that can be very lucrative. If you don't have this kind of advantage, you may have to work hard to earn enough to help pay for your tuition.If you want to write a great piece of writing, it may be necessary to work hard in order to achieve good grades. This is another reason why people prefer to write these kinds of essays: they know they can easily learn to do it well when they are older, and this is also an advantage that makes these kinds of assignments more attractive than others.Of course, students who choose to write an essay to make money don't just write fo r the sake of writing an essay. The essays that are submitted by those who make money through their essay writing are usually very good and very well written. They are also very honest and very detailed. These kinds of essays, when written properly, can make a big difference to someone's business.There are a lot of professional writers out there who will write for you for a reasonable price. If you are looking for someone to write a very specific kind of essay for you, it might be wise to look in writing magazines, which have some open submissions, which means that anyone can submit an essay and the best part is that you don't have to pay for the essay. You can read their topics online or look them up at bookstores.Be careful that you don't end up with a bad copy that can't sell or do anything for you. The most important thing is that the material is good and written in a way that communicates the writer's ideas clearly and honestly.As a real person, I always try to get something fo r myself. To be honest, I love my job and I enjoy learning new things. So, if it was me deciding whether or not to do the writing, I would say it's very good and interesting.Writing college essays for money is a wonderful way to get a little extra money while you are still in school. It will also help to give you the experience you need to make it as a professional writer. It's a wonderful business that you can start right now, so go out there and try it!

Global Communications For US Brands Like Abercrombie and Fitch Essay

Worldwide Communications For US Brands Like Abercrombie and Fitch - Essay Example Some significant privileges of the purchaser are: 1) the option to pick, 2) the privilege exact data, 3) the privilege to wellbeing and 4) the option to esteem for cash. Being a careful purchaser, the British clients realize where and how to get the best an incentive for their cash, and they typically realize who to move toward when things turn out badly. It is basic for any association who wishes to enter the British market, that worth doesn't constantly mean the â€Å"cheapest† or the â€Å"most expensive†. It implies that the consumers’ impression of it is if the norm or quality is similar with the cost of the ware. At long last, it is regularly dependent upon the client to choose whether the cost of the merchandise they are eager to buy is justified, despite all the trouble. (ii) In request to have an upper hand; A&F must consolidate the three (3) Cs or the Strategic Triangle by Ohmae. The three Cs are client, corporate and contender. In any business methodology, the organization’s essential concern ought to be its clients. Along these lines, it is suggested that administration should execute a publicizing procedure that could arrive at a bigger bit of the market so as to defeat the contender and enter increasingly potential family purchasers. Be that as it may, before propelling a section into any new spot, an area or nation it is ideal to survey the necessities and needs of the objective market and to know how far the contender has come. The best promotion crusade suggested will be a mix of the open data model where media and neighborhood official statements will be utilized widely to illuminate general society regarding the A&F nearness and to assemble healthy picture of entire association; and the two-way balanced model which is a two path correspondence between the organization and people in general to sift through clashes...

Finding a Sample of Academic Writing Essay

Finding a Sample of Academic Writing EssayOne of the many reasons for writing an academic writing essay is to present a unique and authentic viewpoint on an issue-related topics. And there are instances where you need to be original and highlight the facts that the whole world is not aware of. In this case, there are a number of samples available to write a paper.For instance, you can have a sample essay written by the well-known novelist and essayist, William Faulkner. This famous author had indeed put forth some excellent works when it comes to dealing with the troubled times. Faulkner has made a great impact in his own region and therefore, he has chosen to highlight the importance of academia through his writings.You can also have a sample of academic writing essay written by the Nobel laureate, Albert Schweitzer. The author of poems and prose pieces has himself published a lot of times on several literary works and has collected a great deal of awards and recognition as well. Al though, some of his works have a flaw about them, still they have worked to the best of their abilities when it comes to making a paper.Now, it is not at all a surprise why the author and scholar, Henry David Thoreau also decided to write his paper. If you study closely, you will find that his paper was actually very influential as he took his influence from different authors and personalities and found their contributions to his life and works. So, if you want to cite the exceptional work of this famous writer, then it would be best if you have a sample of academic writing essay written by him. It would be a great benefit as well as a good learning experience if you incorporate his works to your academic career.There are writers who always make their way in the field and still continue to show their talent. The most influential writer from today's generation, Tom Wolfe, has been successful in his field and he continues to leave a good legacy as he succeeds his own authorial skills. Moreover, it would be best if you can find a sample of academic writing essay written by him. The same applies for J.D. Salinger, who has penned a lot of great books and is one of the most acclaimed authors of the twentieth century.Another great writers is Nathaniel Hawthorne. If you ever read his works, you will see that he uses many different styles of writing and is able to produce some really brilliant work. You can also find a sample of academic writing essay by him.Thomas Paine wrote a lot of poetry and prose works which were great additions to the European civilization. Some of his essays and writings were among the best but unfortunately, there is not a single paper written by him that is still widely read today. However, you can always find a sample of academic writing essay written by him on several websites as well as through online research.The only drawback with having a sample of academic writing essay written by some of the great writers in history is that you can ne ver help but compare yourself to their works. There are numerous authors who have produced some works of great literature that you can compare to your own works. But if you can get a chance to discuss with them on what they had written, then you will be able to produce something even more inspiring than the original.

Caesar by Plutarch Research Assignemnt Paper - 550 Words

Caesar by Plutarch Research Assignemnt Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Students Name Instructors NameCourse titleDateCaesar by PlutarchAuthors need to be objective in writing literary works. In authorship, effective styles of a script should be applied to enhance the appropriateness of the delivered message. Plutarch is reputed for giving an impartial biography of Julius Caesar. This paper analyzes the way Plutarch thinks of Caesar as well as provides an opinion of Caesar that is different from his and the rating of Plutarch as a historian regarding insight and objectivity.In presenting the life history of Caesar, Plutarch indicates that he was in a precarious situation. His motivational desire for a new glory urged him to make essential changes. It could be interpreted that Caesar deserved the fate that pursued him later for ambition. In particular, it was a cold murder which Caesar did not deserve. Therefore, Caesar's assassination was not necessary. That is why Plutarch becomes more sympathetic to Caeser's situation.There is a crucial theme of perception that has become more vivid from the evidence presented by Plutarch. The conspirators within the Senate perceived Julius Caesar as a threat to their security and status quo. They risked losing their power and authority, thus decided to end Ceasar's life. This attestation presented by Plutarch could be utilized to come up with with a unique view of Caesar. Indeed, Caesar started developments that were devised for the betterment of his society. Nevertheless, these projects become a basis for assassination of Caesar. As a historian, Plutarch employed psychology in describing the life of Caesar. In analysing the inner struggles of Caesar Plutarch notes, it was in fact a sort emulous struggle with himself, as it had been with another, how he might outdo his past actions by his future (Plutarch). The deeply psychological description used by Plutarch makes a reader contemplate about Caesar regarding the mental struggles which he had to handle. Thus, Plutarch initiates r eaders to develop personal connections to Caesar while reading the chapter.Furthermore, Plutarch can be seen as a philosopher in his writing. He discusses the way in which Caesar was killed providing a reflective element. According to Plutarch, the Fate, however, is to all appearance more unavoidable than unexpected (Plutarch). Thus, Plutarch uses philosophical perceptions in presenting the life of Caesar. Moreover, Plutarch utilizes mystical judgements to make the finale of Caesar's biography more tragic. For instance, he discloses that the place which was destined for the scene of this murder, in which the senate met that day, was the same in which Pompey's statue stood, and was of the edifices w...

Population and the World Hunger Debate Essay - 999 Words

Population and the World Hunger Debate The correlation between over-population and growing world hunger has become a controversial topic in today’s society. Concerns of population expansion, world starvation, and environment destruction are matters of debate and are of much concern for their outcomes affect everyone of society. The world is home to an estimated 6 billion people with more than 80 million additions every year. With this astonishing growing rate of population it is necessary to address the matter of world hunger before it is too late. The three main theories of world population and the correlation to world hunger are debatable; however, it is ultimately left to an individual to determine the truth/ answer to such†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The extermination of thousands of species of plants and animals annually, the collapse of over two-thirds of the world’s fisheries, the loss of an estimated 24 billion tons of topsoil each year, and increasing unstable climate, faltering food se curity, and depletion of the protective ozone layer† (Walker, On Wall Street) will all be effected because of over-population. According to a recent UN Food and Agriculture Report, in order to meet the population demands for the predicted population in 2050, the world will have to increase food production by 75%. This increase in population will have a direct effect on the environment for more land will be needed to support additional population growth. â€Å"An estimated 420 million people live today in countries that have less than .07 hectare of cultivated land per person (the bare minimum capable of supplying a vegetation diet for one person without the use of chemicals). That number is projected to increase to 1.04 billion in the year 2025† (UN Food and Agriculture Report). Land elimination and overuse is just one example of environment degradation as population increases. As more people use the land to grow food and found communities, smaller portions of land are left to support large growing numbers of people. One aspect of the land degradation is the overuse and abuse of soil. Soil supports the growth of food with in turn supports the existence of humans. If the soil is destroyed by overuse andShow MoreRelatedThe Causes of World Hunger1658 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of world hunger are at once intimidatingly complex and stunningly simple, depending on the underlying ideological assumptions which inform ones approach to the problem. For the uninformed, the cause of world hunger might seem to be quite obvious, because the concept of hunger is ostensibly simple; being hungry means a lack of food, so world hunger must be caused either by a lack of food on a global scale or overpopulation. Put another way, the easy answer to the question of world hunger is toRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1303 Words   |  6 PagesEng 102-95 3/31/2013 Research topic Genetically Modified Foods Research question Is Genetically Modified Foods Good or Bad For Public? Introduction The world is slowly running out of food. Impoverished people have nowhere to turn. Biotechnology researchers think they have found a way to reverse the world famine. This way is through genetically modified foods which are foods that come from genetically engineered organisms. Examples of such organisms are sheep, cows, and fish.Read MoreThe Problem Of Global Poverty1609 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty is one of the largest dilemmas plaguing the world today. Solutions to solving the global issue of poverty are constantly debated, as world leaders try to find the best possible approach. However, in order to work towards solving the problem of global poverty, we must first identify the key cause. The main source of global poverty is the inaccessibility to food as a necessary biological need, otherwise known as world hunger. Food is necessary in order to live. It provides fuel for basic biologicalRead MoreWe Spend $ 50 To Make The World A Better Place1511 Words   |  7 PagesBOOK CONTRI BUTORS AND AUTHOR The book entitled â€Å"How to spend $50 Billion to Make the World a Better Place† was made under the contribution of Harold Alderman, Kym Anderson, Jere Behrman, William Cline, Paul Collier, John Hoddinott, Anke Hoeeffler, Philip Martin, Anne Mills, Lant Pritchett, Frank Rijsberman, Susan Rose-Ackerman and Sam Shillcutt. All said contributors are in the field of teaching economics in a world class universities or holds a high position in business. The book was edited and mainRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods And Its Impact On The Agricultural Industry Worldwide1639 Words   |  7 Pagesviable solution to world hunger issues. It is through genetic engineering that scientists can achieve the creation of genetically modified crops, creating new crop varieties designed to yield more products with less inputs. 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The authors revealed that India would attain some of eight goals like reducing extreme poverty and would miss many of others like reducing hunger, reducing infant mortality rate, achieving environmental sustainability. Indian population living in severe poverty has been diminishing sharply since economic reforms started in 1991. The headcount poverty rate in 2015 would be less than half of the rate in 1990, as called for by the Millennium

Technology and the Globalization of Education Essay examples

If technology travels at the speed of sound, then the impact of technology can be said to travel at the speed of light. In the first twenty years of man and machine collaboration, technology isolated people to a certain degree, leading to an inward search of meaning between the two. In effect, there was less, not more, collaboration. The present, however, is far different as educators, students and institutions work to overcome the tech shock and begin to look outward at the possibility of utilizing technology for widespread collaborative purposes. The outcomes of the collision between technology and education within the global realm are better relations and more equal educational opportunities. The issues discussed†¦show more content†¦Through the ages, the world changed dramatically as we learned to replicate written words at an ever greater speed (movable type), the sharing of images and experiences (photography and cinematography), and the ease of storytelling and sh aring through blogs. In the last forty years alone, technological innovation went from PASCAL to tablets, a passageway which has given humans the ability to collect and share all of human kinds experience in a simple, portable device. The present day reality is already mind-numbingly different. Without the use of technology, information and innovation, we would remain as slow in development as it had the previous two thousand years – in contrast, the use of these innovations has led to unprecedented productivity and communication. An education today doesnt conjure up thoughts of a classroom, but information shared electronically through machines. Students can be educated five thousand miles from the campus, by a professor born and bred in a culture seemingly light years apart, from the comforts of an office chair on another continent. The challenges inherent in todays reality come in many forms but are related, specifically, to the speed at which everything is changin g. The typical learning curve with the adoption and adaptation to new technology has always been large; in todays world, where new hardware andShow MoreRelatedDr. Finely s Views On Educational Globalization1495 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Finely is the International Education Director of all academic courses and academic staff in the 15 different international programs in local public schools for AMESON Education and Culture Exchange Foundation based in Nanjing, China. The purpose of the interview was to discuss Dr. Finely s professional views on educational globalization and the changes taking place in classrooms around the world. 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This immediate prevalence of globalization plays an increasingly vital role in highe r education and creates opportunities for people to continueRead MoreGlobalization Is The Development Of Increasingly1130 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Merriam Webster (2015) Globalization is the development of increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets. In general, Globalization has affected many nations in various ways; socially, politically, economically, and environmentally. Over a period of time globalization can now turn the world into an integrated economy instead of the isolated economy. The more trading that takes placeRead Moreeffects of globlization1124 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Health Globalization has both positive and negative effects about one of the major concerns, health. The health care is primarily affected by globalization is through the increasing and worsening of internationalization of various health risks. However, if you will have to define the terms and other dimensions of the health risks such as; Technological, economic, social, political and cultural as well as scientific aspects. The linkages between health care and globalization are quite complexRead MoreGlobalization : The New Era Of Global Flows883 Words   |  4 PagesModern research suggests globalization is coming is coming to an end. The World Trade Organization estimates the volume of international trade to grow by just 2.8% this year, marking the fifth consecutive year of subpar growth. The unusual patterns in cross border flows since the financial crisis have undermined traditional economic relationships and contributed to some of the volatility the market is seeing today. However, in reality, we are entering a new phase of globalization defined by flows of dataRead MoreEssay on Going Global Presentation965 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Going global. Is it a myth or reality? The question of whether the globalization is a myth or reality is easily answered to my mind: it is definitely a reality. But to what extend can we call it a reality? In my presentation I’ll disclose the term of globalization, cover the spheres in which globalization can be applied and dwell on the advantages and disadvantages of it. Finally I’ll come to the conclusion that globalization is an inevitable and developing phenomenon which requires citizens ofRead MoreImpact of Globalization in Belgium802 Words   |  3 PagesApart from globalization, it was given several impacts to Belgium country. The impact on Belgium country was covered the various aspects such as economy, social, education, labor, and politics. 1.3.1 Economy Apart from globalization, it would give a big impact to the economic sector in the Belgium country, whether will give benefit to the nation or harm as well. One benefit of the globalization is can access a new market among the business worker are there. Based on Borio and Filardo (2006), Belgium’sRead MoreControversy1529 Words   |  7 Pages Globalization and Education Technology Johnathon Norman Grand Canyon University The development of technology in the recent years has not only changed the way we visualize a classroom, but also it changes how students learn. One of the biggest issues with the advancement of technology is a teacher understanding how to effectively understand how to utilize and incorporate it into their curriculum. Once the educators understand the positives with the introduction

My View of Lifespan Development - 834 Words

Lifespan development is â€Å"the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and the stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire life span† (Feldman, 2014, pg 5). The biological inheritance from my parents, the environments I have walked through, and my increase awareness of spirituality have molded me into a great person. Thus, â€Å"development requires that we look at the joint efforts of the interaction of heredity and environment, and how, in the end underlie human behavior† (Feldman, 2014, pg 5). Throughout this paper important aspects of each developmental stage- prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early and middle adulthood, and spirituality will be discussed and I will include examples of my own development ultimately showing that I have been blessed with a great life. The first developmental stage of the life span is prenatal development. A major environmental factor in this stage is the mother.  "Women who adopt healthy eating patterns during pregnancy not only contribute to fetal well-being, but also reduce the likelihood of developing chronic illnesses and enhance overall health† (Fowles, E., Fowles, S., 2008, p. 149). Furthermore, â€Å"heavy drinking during pregnancy is associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders involving outcomes as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), placenta abruption, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, birth defects, and neurodevelopmental disorders† (Meyer-Leu, Y., Lemola, S.,Show MoreRelatedPsychology Life Spans1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Development Throughout the Lifespan NAME. PSY : Personality Theories Argosy University Development throughout the Lifespan The development of our personalities throughout our lifespan can be broken down into various stages when considering Erikson’s approach to psychology development. Each person moves through these stages during life, which directly affects his or her success in the next stage. The personality is being built and shaped at each stage. The first step is toRead MoreFour Areas of Communication990 Words   |  4 PagesI have discovered some very interesting facts about the four areas of communication: interpersonal, lifespan, health, and persuasive communication. I found these facts while searching on the internet using many different search engines. I will share these facts that caught my attention with you and let you know where you can learn more about these areas of communication. Interpersonal communication is when we engage in communication with another person, to gain information about them. ThisRead MoreJustin s School s Principal Office1353 Words   |  6 Pagesfather a big dinner, and Justin saw this as very rewarding. Justin modeled his father’s behavior towards his mother on a fellow student, because he thought he could gain from this. My theoretical glasses seem to be a part of the social learning theory. Before my education I truly and honestly believed that development stemmed from what a child saw as rewarding and would model the same behavior. I later found out this was related to the social learning theory. These glasses seemed to make the mostRead MoreBehaviorism The Developmental Grand Theory1525 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism the Developmental Grand Theory Hillary C. Wade Cisco College Author Note This paper was prepared for Psychology 2314 Lifespan Growth and Development, Fall Mini-Semester, Taught by Linda Grant. Abstract Out of all the theories of lifespan development, behaviorism has proven to be the most efficient explanation of how we grow and adapt with our environments. Also known as the learning theory, it was developed by John B. Watson, and with major contributions from B.F. Skinner and Ivan PavlovRead MoreLifespan Development And Communication Development Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pages Paper: 555101 Lifespan Development and Communications Assessment 3: Individual Development Narrative (IDN) Hoori Wilcox Student ID: 14861456 This assignment identifies and discusses the relevant theory and theorists and discusses the influences possible on lifespan development from the time of conception to 20 years of age. I will analyse my own life story in relation to theories of lifespan development participating my understanding of the domains of development and the age old argumentRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Kegans Model Of Intellectual Development1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe first model that one can apply to NH’s development is Robert Kegan’s six-stage Constructivist Developmental Theory. This model holds that our way of engaging and understanding the world we live in is â€Å"based on how we construct reality as we pass through the lifespan, and progressively grows more complex. (Neukrug, 2016). In the case of NH, I believe she is at the interindividual stage, which is characterized by one finding value in relationships, as well as having a substantial capacity forRead MoreCurrent Perspectives Of Psychology And Human Development Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesIndividual Development Narrative discusses various factors relating to theories of lifespan development from birth through to my adolescent stage. This includes looking at the understanding and major theoretical perspectives of psychology and human development, its process and the influences of domains on human development across the lifespan and how they interrelate. The domains of development including Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and Socio-cultural /or moral. Also some of the human lifespan stagesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby theory support the idea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses t he eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and social development. Both theories believe that personality begins to develop from a young age and therefore occurrencesRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1437 Words   |  6 Pages The lifespan perspective is crucial for understanding human development. There are many different perspectives on the lifespan and the lifespan has been broken down in many different ways. A variety of scholars and theorists have proposed unique perspectives on lifespan. Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosocial development considered five lifespan stages; oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital (Rathus, 2014). Erik Erikson expanded Freud’s theory with a psychosocial perspective on developmentRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory And Psychosocial Development1561 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology or educational psychology that are important to further understand human behavior. However, this paper will focus on only two theories which are; Erikson’s psychosocial theory and Alfred Adler’s Adlerian theory. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development has always been a great contribution to the field of psychology by Erik Erikson (Berk, 2007). Erikson suggested that everyone experiences a series of psychosocial stages instead of psychosexual stages as proposed by Sigmund Freud. Despite the fact

Essay The Tragedy of Othello - 1292 Words

William Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The power of pity and fear creates the upmost tragic situation and follows in accordance of Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. Othello makes the ultimate act as a tragic hero by killing himself at the end of the play. â€Å"Othello, more than any play in the†¦show more content†¦This creates pity in the play as the audience may become sympathetic for the tragic hero. Lastly, the tragic hero must have a downfall. This comes together from the protagonist being of high estat e and having a tragic flaw. Othello fits perfectly into the three requirements to become an exemplary tragic hero. Othello is a highly respected soldier for the Venice army. He is of elevated status making him of high estate to fulfill the first requirement of being a tragic hero. Othello’s tragic fall is that he is too trusting and is quick to be jealous. He also feels like an outsider in Venice due to his race. Othello trusts everything which is told to him which ultimately leads to his fall. He is also jealous and insecure. He takes the Iago’s words instead of trusting his wife, Desdemona. He is jealous of Desdemona’s possible affair. The jealous and insecurity he feels leads to his downfall which completes Aristotle’s requirements of what makes a tragic hero. In order to fully appreciate Othello as a tragic hero, the reader or the audience must take a closer look at each of Othello’s steps which led to his demise as a tragic hero. Aristotle’s first requirement was for the protagonist to be of high estate. Most tragic heroes were of royal blood such as Oedipus in Oedipus the King by Sophocles. However, Othello is a highly respected general. Othello is called â€Å"valiant† by the Duke of Venice. The Duke shows Othello great respect throughout Othello’sShow MoreRelatedOthello Tragedy Analysis1276 Words   |  6 PagesUltimate Reason For Othello’s Tragedy--Self-Contempt Speaking of the reasons of Othello’s tragic ending, the opinions have been various. Some people believe that racial discrimination contributes to the tragedy; some deem that Othello’s character defects causes the tragedy; some think that the instability of their love leads to the tragic end†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In my opinion, many of these factors are the by-products of his self-contempt, the most fundamental reason of Othello’s tragedy should be inferiority complexRead MoreOthello - the Greatest Tragedy1109 Words   |  5 PagesA Shakespearean tragedy is one that encompasses many different elements. Shakespeare presents all of these elements spectacularly in Othello. For a tragedy to occur there are five conditions. The protagonist, Othello in this case, must experience a death or a total loss of ranking in society. The audience must also be captured by the actors and feel some sort of connection to them. This is known as catharsis. In Shakespearean tragedies the protagonist always has a character defect or a tragic flawRead MoreOthello as a Tragedy of Character1649 Words   |  7 PagesOthello as â€Å"A Tragedy of Character† â€Å"Tragedy of Othello/ The Moor of Venice† is a typical of classical tragedy and is regarded as the greatest work of William Shakespeare by many critics. While writing his play in 1604, Shakespeare adapted the story from Italian author Cynthio’s novella called Hecatammithi which was written in 1565. In order to bring a comment on play’s being â€Å"a tragedy of character† it’s necessary to emphasize on these points: general characteristics of classical tragedy, â€Å"TragedyRead MoreTragedy In Shakespeares Othello1519 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Tragedy  is an imitation not just of a complete action, but of events that evoke pity and fear.† The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle gave the classic theory of tragedy a distinguishable definition. There are various elements included in a tragedy, making it both successful and enjoyable. From the dramatic plot to the audaciousness of characters that create intensity, every element is necessa ry to construct the classic tragedy. This can be observed through action as seen in Shakespeare’s OthelloRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello, The Moor1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor the Venice: The Fall of A Man for His Race by Josà © Pineda. Professor Arzola English 2322 5 July 2015 Outline. Thesis: The tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice written by William Shakespeare, the author uses a characters to express the complex social circumstance of race at the time and how the white men’s ideas about black people leads to their hate and downfalls throughout the play. Sociological Approach. I. Summary plot. II. Description of the mainRead MoreOthello : Tragedy At Its Finest Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesOthello: Tragedy at Its Finest Tragedy in the modern impression of the word is categorized as an event causing great suffering or distress, it can come in many forms and effect people in different ways, but what constitutes a play as falling under the genre of tragedy? In the Shakespearean sense of the word, most tragic plays follow the pattern of having a hero whose fatal flaw causes his inevitable downfall ending in an untimely moment of clarity with a moral take-away. However, death is alwaysRead MoreThe Tragedy of Shakespeares Othello558 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares play The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice provides an intriguing perspective regarding matters related to race, envy, and treachery. Othello is a powerful and influential Moorish general in the Venetian army, Desdemona is his wife, much younger than him and the reason for which the general is hated, and Iago is Othellos seemingly trusted lieutenant. The relationship between these three characters is complex and it actually one o f the principal reason for which the playRead MoreExamples Of Othello As A Revenge Tragedy1022 Words   |  5 Pages The development of revenge tragedy has brought the harsh truths of humanity to light and caused the literary world to be more accustom to grotesque natures revolving around vindictive motives. Lucius Seneca wrote a variety of closet dramas which were the models for the revival of tragedy in the Renaissance period. In the book Poetics the Greek philosopher Aristotle formulated his own theory of tragedy based on his observations of other successful tragedies of the time, possibly drawing from SenecaRead MoreA Postcolonialist Analysis of the Tragedy of Othello849 Words   |  4 PagesA Postcolonialist Analysis of the Tragedy of Othello Syllabus 1. Introduction Different people have different opinions towards the tragedy of Othello. Personally, I am deeply impressed by the racial bias in this tragedy; therefore I try to analyze it from the view of postcolonialism. As you know, the tragedy of Othello has a close relation with Othello’s blackness identity. In the play, the viperous Iago makes full use of Othello’s special Moor identity, which is different from the dominantRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello the: Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare, and it is only one of countless notable plays he wrote. A reoccurring theme in Othello is jealousy brought on usually by deception; throughout the play people often hide their true intentions and are not always what they appear to be like W.H Auden said â€Å"There s always another story. There s more than meets the eye.† The relationships Iago built on manipulation, lies, and false promises were a crucial part of the play;

My Experience At Wyomissing Home Depot Human Resources...

During this internship experience, I have learned many useful skills that have lead me to be the person I wan to be today. From college classes to work experience, I now have the ability to transcend upon internship experiences that can shape my perspective of life. For my last internship, I chose to intern at The Wyomissing Home Depot Human Resources Department. The human resources associates are responsible to maintain a positive work environment among employees. For the most part, human resources associates are focused on career development, execution of learning, employment practice, staffing, recognition and reward. At my internship site, I have established a few goals for myself that will help me keep my focus on the potential career and work setting I will have in the future. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize, reflect on my different learning goals that I established at the beginning of my internship experience at Wyomissing Home Depot human resources department. The Wyomissing The Home Depot is a hardware store that has all the tools needed to improve individual’s homes. They offer a variety of features including truck rentals, key cutting, tool rental, kitchen showroom, and large equipment rental. However, for my last internship I had the opportunity to be part of their human resource department team for more than 150 hours. As an intern I was given may duties and responsibilities related to human resources work such as; assisting recruiting new staff,

Environmental Management Accounting for Ecological -myassignmenthelp

Question: Critically discuss whether, in your opinion, environmental management accounting is important within a business environment in order to ensure the long term sustainability of a business. Answer: Introduction The environmental management accounting is significant in a business environment for ensuringlong termsustainability in a business. The environmental management accounting supports internal decision-making and provides the business with an opportunity of identifying and reducing theecological costs (Buccina, Chene and Gramlich, 2013). The decrease in environment-linked capital investments or yearly environmental operating expenses can raise the profit margins or allow lesser product pricing which can be used by business for retaining the market share.Decreasein potential environmental liability can help in decreasing the legal liability expenses and enhance their access to funding and client contracts. Therefore it can be said thatlong termsustainability of a business canbe attainedby use of environmental management accounting (Baboukardos, 2017). The environmental management accounting information is definitely very important for the management activities with particular college girl elements on management decisions with important effects. This kind of accounting offers the costdata whichis important for evaluating the management ass and the physical flow of information like usage of raw materials and this generation level. Such details can be useful in characterising the environmental effects. Howenvironmental management accounting isuseful? In the last five decades, the idea of sustainable development has become quite important. In the long run, only the businesses which protect the environment are ones who make profit and throughout the acts of business, measures are taken for reduction of harmful impacts on the environment. The businesses are required to carry out their tasks on the basis of sustainability. But to carry out such activities environmental aspects also have to be considered. Nowadays, assisting and managing the environmental costs which are the first items in the scope of sustainability have huge significance for the businesses. Due to the environmental issues created by industrialisation it is known that environment is of course a value which can be polluted and can be exhausted with time. It is also known that by the use of environment there is a cost attached and business has to incur that cost because it is using that source. Environmental accounting is known as green accounting or natural resource accounting or environmental management accounting or full cost accounting and similarly there are many other terms. Allocated Environmental Cost There are various problems linked with finding and allocating the environmental costs. When the environmental costs are not sufficiently allocated then there is cross- subsidization among the goods. In many case, diverse goods are created by diverse procedures and each procedure has a tendency to possess differ rent environmental cost. Like in a facility if there are two procedures namely process I and Process II. These two processes are supposed to utilize the same number of direct labor hours for the Batch of product. Product I utilised hazardous chemicals however the other one makes use of normal raw materials (Herbohn, 2015). The site spends environment expenditures from the utilisation of hazardous chemicals in various manners: Explanation and procurement of chemicals which involves assessment of material safety datasheets designing of the procedure for minimising employee exposure, shipping and expenses linked with transportation of hazardous chemicals, monitor, reported for meeting applicable laws Worker training for handling and emergency reactions, storing and disposal expenses Liability for chemical from purchasing to grave All these costs are combined together to be environment and Allocated to the procedures I and II. Therefore this kind of accounting can be said to the business at considerable competitive disadvantage. On the other hand, by further precisely allocation of please expenses, managers can have better decision-making regarding product mix and with respect to cost saving opportunities so that their companies can stay ahead of compete therefore this kind of accounting can be said to the business at considerable competitive disadvantage (Uno and Bartelmus, 2011). On the other hand, by further precisely allocation of days expenses, managers can have better decision-making regarding product mix and with respect to cost saving opportunities so that their companies can stay ahead of competition. While the environmental accounting can lay stress on environmental management accounting and financial accounting, the major advantages are seeing from applying than one mental management accounting approaches. This kind of accounting lays stress on accumulating, assisting and analysing the expenses linked with the usage of energy and physical matters such as metal, cold and timber. The standard accounting activities which are likely to occur in the series of overhead permit the accountants to relate activity based cost principles with different projects (Jaggi and Freedman, 2009). Decision makers who can relate where these resources have actually been utilised in the project can help in reduction of the waste materials Environmental accounting is useful setting up of efficiency objectives by stating the past information and pass trending regarding raw materials utilised for producing goods and services (Booth, 2014). This kind of accounting is useful for tracking the availability of raw materials that are used by the business and the calculations are carried out for data mining suitable materials have substitutes available. In case the substitutes can help in getting lower costs or can be useful for having lesser environmental effects than those substitute can be utilised. The environmental accounting can be used for carrying out the breakeven analysis of cost benefit analysis so that additional energy systems can also be replaced with the substitutes such as the replacement of wind turbines with latest solo shingle roof systems. Organizations have turned out to be progressively mindful of the environmental impacts of their operations, items and services. Environmental dangers can't be disregarded; they are presently as much a piece of maintaining a fruitful business as item configuration, showcasing, and sound budgetary management. Poor environmental conduct may have a genuine unfavourable effect on the business and its accounts. Discipline incorporates fines, raised risk to environmental expenses, loss in worth, damaging of brand images, and loss of sales, shopper blacklists, and loss of protection cover, unforeseen liabilities, claims, and harm to corporate image. Better management of environmental cost is usually great for community and industrial Management. The environmental accounting helps in recognising opportunities for reducing the costs and for supporting the initiatives for raising revenues and therefore there is better management of resources. There are various costs which form part of environmental cost adds this might include the disposal expenditures, investment expenditures and external expenditures also (Crowther, 2012). Moreover lot of the costs are generally not traced in a systematic manner and attributed to the responsible procedure is but simply accumulated in general overhead. The reality that environmental costs are not completely recorded generally causes just started calculation is for better options. There is lack of experience and people are usually not aware of the cost linked with the wastes and raw materials. The environmental costs usually do not account for the real animations and waste produced and usually the environmental manager is not having access to the real cost accounting documents of the business Conclusion Firms have accountability to concern and perform towards its workers, stakeholders and community at the same time as performing their acts because of its goals. Environment has a significant place within the extent of these duties (Ajith Sankar R. N., 2015). As a prerequisite of sustainability, businesses applying environment at the same time as carrying out the acts are supposed to consider future generations while they fulfill the requirements of today's customers and they should carry out their acts on this viewpoint. Environmental account is significant because the existence of production factors is important for meeting continuity of business and demands of customers. In the sustainability management, the environmental damage has to be decreased to minimum level. The environmental management accounting is useful for minimizing the potential environmental cost and needs proper planning (Carter and Ross, 2014). For successful implementation of environmental management accounting, an independent environmental department has to be sector which can effectively communicate with other departments. Major accounts and subsidiary rounds have to be started for monitoring the environmental expenses just like the marketing, research and development and other managerial expenses (Hovardas and Poirazidis, 2007). The adequate information can be shown to the public regarding the events that might come from non-financial environment that might impact the firm. Therefore the public will have adequate information regarding the assessment of current and future risks of the business environment. References Ajith Sankar R. N. (2015).Environmental management. New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press. Baboukardos, D. (2017). The valuation relevance of environmental performance revisited: The moderating role of environmental provisions.The British Accounting Review. Booth, P. (2014). Commentary on: Some thoughts on social and environmental accounting education.Accounting Education, 10(4), pp.357-359. Buccina, S., Chene, D. and Gramlich, J. (2013). Accounting for the environmental impacts of Texaco's operations in Ecuador: Chevron's contingent environmental liability disclosures.Accounting Forum, 37(2), pp.110-123. Carter, R. and Ross, H. (2014). Trends in environmental management through the lens of theAustralasian Journal of Environmental Management.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 21(2), pp.200-218. Crowther, D. (2012).Social and environmental accounting. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Herbohn, K. (2015). A full cost environmental accounting experiment.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 30(6), pp.519-536. Hovardas, T. and Poirazidis, K. (2007). Environmental Policy Beliefs of Stakeholders in Protected Area Management.Environmental Management, 39(4), pp.515-525. Hibbitt, C. and Bartolomeo, M. (2009).Environmental accounting and sustainable development. Amsterdam: Limperg Instituut. Jaggi, B. and Freedman, M. (2009).Advances in environmental accounting and management. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Uno, K. and Bartelmus, P. (2011).Environmental accounting in theory and practice. Dordrecht: Springer.

Ho Chi Minh free essay sample

Within his years of living, he had shaped and changed Vietnam to the country he dreamed it to be by truly being a great leader of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh had been interested in Vietnam’s wellbeing from a young age. He did not jump straight into action and instead stood back and examined the necessities of gaining such rights, waiting for the moment to stand up for his country. His father believed that French education was only the best. Therefore in 1907, Ho passed an exam to enter the National Academy of Hue. He was made fun of because he came from a poor background, and the only reason why he was at the academy was because he had received a scholarship. His motivation was not wavered. In 1908, protests were held by farmers from nearby villages. They protested about the excessive taxation that the French were asking for, and Ho translated the Vietnamese language for the French. This was his first colonial encounter. The next day he was expelled for aiding the Vietnamese. As time went on he understood the concept of Marxism and strongly believed in it. In 1911, Ho boarded a ship set for France and took small jobs, all the while trying to gain knowledge about the world. His ideas for Vietnam’s independence and what it could someday be developed during his trips. In 1914, Ho Chi Minh began to build networks in the outside world and talked to his fellow Vietnamese about the French colonial rule. And in 1918, Ho Chi Minh wrote a letter to the President of the United States about how world peace could be achieved. This was the fourteen-point peace plan. Besides thinking of Vietnam, he also put the rest of the world into mind. This shows that Ho Chi Minh is thoughtful and avoids reckless tactics. After WWI he was engaged in Communist activities and was in the founding group for the French Communist Party. ? In his later years, Ho Chi Minh began to develop more plans. He soon became frustrated and indignant at the treatment that the Vietnamese were getting from the French. He heard about the Russian Revolution while living in France, and it offered millions of people living under colonial rule hope. Ho Chi Minh took inspiration from the Russian Revolution. He used it as a helping hand, for great leaders take ideas from elsewhere and use those to their best advantage. During his later years, Ho Chi Minh learnt of Stalin and Mao Zedong, who quickly became his role models. He believed the Communism would be what would allow Vietnam to gain true independence. Ho Chi Minh went to China and Hong Kong to spread the word about Communism and form Communist Parties. He was forced to leave when local authorities drove him out. He returned because he wanted the ideas of Communism, of the Vietnamese, and of his ideas to be known throughout. Ho Chi Minh was arrested in Hong Kong and remained in prison until 1933. Yet these roadblocks did not slow the motivated leader down. When Japan occupied Vietnam in 1941, Ho Chi Minh organized the Vietminh that caused the Japanese to surrender in 1945. Ho Chi Minh went on and declared Vietnam’s independence from the Japanese. At this point, Ho only needed to be rid of France to succeed entirely. Ho Chi Minh signed an autonomous agreement with the French in a conference. But his success was worth nothing when he returned home to find that the agreement was not effective. The French had already began bombing Vietnam to try and reoccupy the country. As Vietnam was low on resources, they took to fighting guerilla warfare and used a hit-and-run tactic. The USA and Europe backed France, while China, being a Communist country, backed Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was grateful for China’s support and won the guerilla war. Independence was proclaimed. Post-war Vietnam was split up into two, yet the Vietnamese did not get a say in this. Ho Chi Minh did not like the idea of fellow Vietnamese turning on each other, the South on the North and visa versa. He wanted unity between the entire Vietnam, and secession was the last thing they needed. Though Ho Chi Minh allowed his people to take part in various risky and violent events, he only did so because he thought it best. He had confidence that his people would win their battles and indeed they did. Though he was anxious and worried when the US arrived in North Vietnam to chase out the Communists, he helped North Vietnam hold together like a rock and won the battle doing so. He did not risk using proper warfare because he knew that Vietnam was low on those resources. Instead he took to hit-and-run, and the Vietnamese depended on surprise and speed. After all their hardships, they were rewarded with the unification of the North and South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was a great leader because he was willing to do anything to help Vietnam. He was expelled the next day of his first colonial encounter. He travelled to France and to the United States to gain knowledge. He wrote letters to important figures that would be able to assist them in making a change. No one was more motivated than Ho Chi Minh. Throughout the years, Ho Chi Minh held on the hope that Vietnam would someday be free from colonial rule. He pushed many Vietnamese to follow dreams, in more ways than one. He was the inspiration of his people. No man, woman, or child under his leadership detested his choices, for they understood that he knew best. In overall he did many things for Vietnam, and the people were grateful for each and every little detail. When Ho Chi Minh died due to heart failure, everybody cried. For a whole week, it rained, and the people said that the sky itself was crying too. Ho Chi Minh was a great leader, a father figure, and a role model to many Vietnamese.

ACT Essay - Is It Hard?

ACT Essay - Is It Hard?There are a number of high school students who have been wondering whether to take the ACT Sample Essay, also called the RDD-IV, in order to help them score well on the ACT. Many may be wondering if this test is as hard as they thought it was and if they will need some help from an ACT tutor. If you are one of those that are taking the ACT in the future, read on to find out what the ACT's testing officials say about taking the ACT Sample Essay.First, let us look at what the ACT's Educational Testing Service (ETS) says about taking the RDD-IV. According to ETS, the tests are designed to measure the scores of college students on a range of different concepts, including writing skills, English grammar, reading comprehension, math, science, social studies, and vocabulary.The reason why the RDD-IV is not designed to measure the ability to complete written essays is because of a problem with this type of skill. According to ETS, it is impossible for a person to take an essay test without also taking a short test that measures the skills required for students to write coherently and concisely.In addition, some colleges and universities do not allow them to accept essays written by applicants in their admissions requirements. ETS noted that students taking the ACT have the opportunity to take both tests. However, students can only select to take the RDD-IV if they are taking both the short and long essay portions of the ACT.Therefore, it is possible for students to answer the RDD-IV and then later write their essays. Some teachers, however, will allow their students to use both tests. Therefore, it is advisable for students to make sure that they know which questions they are taking on both tests.Finally, it should be noted that the ACT's study guide and standardized test guides are fairly difficult to follow. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that students choose to take only one of the ACT's sample essays before taking the full ACT test.If a student is taking the ACT in the future, it is important for them to pick a written test that will help them score well on the ACT. The fact that the RDD-IV is not designed to be a long essay means that a student will need to understand a bit more about how to take an essay test before attempting it. Therefore, it is important for students to remember to review their ACT study guide before taking any standardized test that they will take in the future.In conclusion, there is no one test that can tell the difference between all students, but it is very possible for someone to take the ACT and later on write an essay on the test. There is no right or wrong way to take an essay test, but it is important for students to ensure that they study for a test in advance and that they get some help in the form of a reading or essay test guide.

Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman Essays (491 words)

Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman A major theme in ?The Yellow Wallpaper? by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is that solitary confinement and exclusion from the public results in insanity. The use of imagery and setting helps illustrate this theme throughout the story. The unnamed protagonist in this story suffers from a nervous disorder which is enhanced by her feeling of being trapped within a room. The setting of the vast colonial mansion and particularly the nursery room with barred windows provides an image of loneliness and seclusion experienced by the protagonist. Another significant setting is the mansion connected by a ?shaded lane? (66) to the beautiful bay and private wharf. It is possible that in her mind, she sees a path which leads to the curing of her illness where happiness and good health awaits at the end. The reason the lane is ?shaded? is because she is uncertain whether or not this path can be traveled. Upon moving into the mansion, she immediately becomes obsessed with the nursery room wallpaper with ?sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin? (64). Her days and nights are so uneventful that she finds relief in writing a journal which becomes more tiresome as her sickness progresses. In every few paragraphs in her journal, she analyzes the wallpaper. Through the imagery she evokes from the wallpaper, it can be seen that she is really analyzing herself and her illness subconsciously. For example, she begins to see ?a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design? (67). She describes her illness (as seen in the wallpaper) as ?not arranged on any laws of radiation, or alternation, or repetition, or symmetry, or anything else that I ever heard of? (68). In other words, she cannot make any sense of what is causing her illness. A pivotal moment in the story is when the woman protagonist is concerned only with the yellow wallpaper in her journal. In lieu of her obsession with the wallpaper, she becomes engaged in the actions of the women she sees in the wallpaper which, of course, is really her own actions. The women ?is all the time trying to climb through [the wallpaper]? (72). At this moment, she is desperate to escape her illness but she is unable to because her confinement in the room has already affected her more so than she realizes. The imagery of this situation is described when ?the pattern strangles [the women] off and turns them upside down, and makes their eyes white!? (72). In the end or in her last day at the mansion, the isolation intensifies her illness to the point where she is no longer curable and insanity takes over. The protagonist finally recognizes the fact that the women she witnesses is really her own frame of mind and proclaims ?I shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and that is hard!? (75). She believes that she has at last gained her freedom from the illness when in reality, the exact opposite has occurred. The incessant creeping is the final summation to her insanity.

Ritalin as treatment for ADHD essays

Ritalin as treatment for ADHD essays Imagine your child is entering school for the very first time. Imagine also your child has been diagnosed with the same disorder that over 2.5 million school-age children in the United States have been diagnosed with in the past decade, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a disorder that affects at least one child in every classroom in the U.S. the disorder is marked by hyperactivity, inattentiveness and, impulsiveness. Now you must make the tough decision to medicate your child as a treatment for his disorder with the all to popular medication prescribed for this disorder called Ritalin. Though you are aware of the many controversies surrounding your decision, you are confident this is the best decision for your child because it has been scientifically proven that Ritalin is the best treatment for ADHD. As a prescription medication, Ritalin an amphetamine has been around for a long time. It was first invented around 1930. Back then, doctors used Ritalin to treat adults for narcolepsy, a sleep disorder. In 1937, scientists discovered that it could also be used to treat children with severely disruptive behavior and hyperactivity problems. Since the early 1960s, Ritalin has been used to treat ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) and ADHD. It has been the most commonly prescribed drug for these disorders since the early 1980s (Beal 20). Although many professionals oppose medicating children with Ritalin, for most children with ADHD/ADD, medication is an integral part of treatment. Medication is not used to control behavior. Medication is used to improve the symptoms of ADHD so that the individual can function more effectively (CHADD). Some research studies suggest that stimulant drugs such as Ritalin increase the concentration of dopamine within the brain , and, in doing so, enable the child to gain control over his behavior, to pay attention to the most important stimulus entering his brain, to c...

Mineral and Rocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mineral and Rocks - Essay Example There is one universal physical property which is common in all the minerals i.e. all the minerals exist in solid form in nature and cannot be in the form of liquids. Moreover minerals have come into existence by the natural activities and the changes which took place during the evolution of the planet earth and human activities have no involvement in the creation of minerals, â€Å"Earth Science: A Scientific History of the Solid Earth†, Michael Allaby (2009). Chemical formulas depict the chemical composition of the chemical compounds and minerals are also classified as chemical compounds. The structure of most of the minerals falls under the category of the crystalline structured solids. The elements in minerals are arranged as crystals. According to â€Å"Earth Science: A Scientific History of the Solid Earth†, Michael Allaby (2009), almost all of the minerals are inorganic in nature. One of the examples of minerals is common salt (sodium chloride). Common salt has a ll the characteristics which have been identified for a mineral. Being solid, composed of chemical compounds, it is inorganic. Moreover common salt is created as a result of natural phenomena and its structure is crystallized. The chemical association of silicon and oxygen yields silicate minerals. These silicate minerals are then added on by other elements which give particular properties to the silicates. According to the elements and crystals which join the silicate minerals are iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca). The structure of silicate minerals is the basis of their classification in different groups. The different silicate groups include Micas, Quartz, Amphibole group, Olivine group and Pyroxene group. Micas and Quartz contain Biotite and Muscovite groups. Moreover Feldspars which make half of the Earth crust are also silicate minerals and are further classified as Potassium Feldspar and Plagioclase. The mineral rocks have been classified into three basic groups on the basis of their origin; these groups are sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Certain natural processes resulted in the formation of these rocks. Magma is a molten material which is present deep inside the Earth and is molten because of the high temperatures inside the Earth. Magma is the source of formation of the igneous rocks which are formed as a result to freezing and thawing of the Magma. The molten material is pushed upward to the ground and is cooled by the natural processes. After cooling the resultant solid material is known as igneous rocks. The second type of rocks is the sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks as the name signifies are layered rocks with different layers of materials lying closely over each other resulting into a rock solid material known as sedimentary rocks. The weathering processes which includes erosion deposited various minerals from one place to other, these layers of minerals resulted into the forma tion of sedimentary rocks. When the same sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks are subjected to conditions of high temperature and pressure their structure changes somewhat and yield another category of rocks which is known as metamorphic rocks â€Å"Petrology: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary†, Harvey Blatt, Robert Tracy, Edward Owens (2006). The three categories of the mineral rocks h

Turkey military coup Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Turkey military coup - Essay Example Although the term coup d'etat is associated with military power in the minds of people it is not the sole distinguishing feature of what constitutes a coup d'etat. What is important is a use of deceit and infiltration by a small group of people to gain power and authority of a small but critical segment or sector of the government and thereby assume political control. In this regard, such plans will eventually succeed if the coup plotters gain a critical mass which it can win over to its side, or alternatively, when there is acquiescence or apathy from the population or the greater bulk of the military just stands by and fails to come to the rescue of government resulting in its displacement and eventual surrender to a much smaller force of coup plotters. A lot of political discourse has been generated with the propriety of a coup as well as its repercussions on civil society as a whole. Those who plan, support and carry out a coup are often idealistic people who use their own ideali sm and agenda for reforms as justification. But history likewise showed that those who live by the sword will in turn die by the sword. Discussion History is replete with instances of coups staged mostly by trusted advisers or by those who had gained close access to the centers of power. Their proximity to power made it easier for them to observe the workings and more importantly, the defects and deficiencies of those currently holding power. Coup plotters have plenty of motivations and reasons to seize power that provide justifications for their illegal actions. As previously discussed, the use of military or its close relative which are the paramilitary units, is not a distinguishing feature to correctly define what a coup is. These coup plotters usually enlist the help of the military establishment because it is only the military that has the discipline, expertise, firepower and cohesion that is often needed to succeed in seizing power by sudden and violent means. As they say, mi ght is right. This is what happens when the coup plotters succeed in the plan of toppling an elected government and these people immediately go to great length to try to explain to their people why intervention was necessary. For the military people, the reasons for joining the coup are elaborated upon such as to save the State from its enemies within and without, try to restore order, ensure political stability or some other alibi that will legitimize a trip into governance and intervention in political affairs of the nation (Kieh & Agbese 23). The military establishment of any country provides a crucial component of coups as it provides the muscle whenever necessary for the coup to succeed. In general, the justifications for a coup can be categorized into three, namely: political, social and military unrest. Political reasons may pertain to a failure of the political system like when politicians are incompetent, massive corruption, greed for power, lack of democratic institutions or political squabbles. A social justification is when there is too much power in one person or in one institution only. A good reason might be the lack of genuine freedoms for the people. The military reasons could be interference in purely

Cultures and Traditions Essay Example for Free

Cultures and Traditions Essay She doesnt seem to be ashamed and there is no emotion in her voice. Is he dead? Of course. They are still trying to make light of a bad situation. Their history has been described because nobody would go up to a person and say I have just killed one of my guests and I would make sense if she told this to someone closer to her. She has a very bold approach, is not afraid to say what she thinks, she doesnt think before she acts. Her devotion is very strong for her son and is a very independent woman and has a sense of discipline. For example, she applied to him the same norms of discipline and She did not want anyone to be able to say she had brought him up badly. Riad suggests that she should start a guest house. He is like her saviour in a way. She seems to be a very forthright person, Girls brought their boyfriends for her approval. She isnt afraid to speak her mind and can be a very blunt person at times. When she says, In one of the back rooms. she shows no fear of being caught, she doesnt even lower her voice. Ines must have had a very strong stomach shown by the description of the murder. For example, his head hanging by a strip of ashen flesh. The conversation between Halabi and Ines shows Ines does not have much respect for the authorities, An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, She seems to think along the terms that someone killed her son and she is going to kill the murderer. Riad always seems to be taking care of the situation, for example, calming the people to prevent them from tearing the perpetrator limb from limb. and I think Ines likes that quality in him. Ines had scrubbed the walls and furniture, It is just like a chore for Ines to do, something to keep her occupied while the body was being taken care of. Ines thought the murder wasnt particularly barbaric compared to the latest cockfights. Near the end you see a more soft side to Ines, you are the person I love you should have been the father of my son. She might think that all of this might not of happened if Riad was the father of her child. The community of Agua Santa seem to be like a cult. Riad had to prevent them tearing the perpetrator limb from limb. This shows they are behind Ines every step of the way, for example, All the inhabitants of Agua Santa had spent the day hauling mangoes, which they throw through the windows until the house was filled floor to ceiling. Ines is a very powerful figure in the town. She was higher than the doctor, the priest and the police. The community looked up to her. They turned the perpetrator house into an enormous beast in the process of putrefaction It gives the house a very grotesque form. Its like its had the life sucked out of it and has been turned into a ferocious beast. The people of Agua Santa seem to liven up once something started happening in their insignificant backwater town. The Lieutenant and his men even arrived so you might it was important but they accepted an invitation of the girls at the who were celebrating a birthday, they said it makes it seem deceiving. There were more people on the street than on All Saints Day, this shows that even a spark of activity can cause big difference the peoples attitudes and lift their spirits. they seemed to be practising a part in a movie its like the whole scene was surreal and this could not really be happening. The priest lighted up the lamps but no one was in the mood for that type of devotion. Everybody is so excited and that they dont concentrate on anything else, not even their religion, just on the news they heard. The body was stuffed in to a canvas sack, wrestled out into the street, unceremoniously thrown into a sack and put into the back of Riads truck. The body didnt seem to have been shown respect at all since it was the killer of Ines son. The house had further developed into a monstrosity and no one could get through the impenetrable jungle. When they got back to at midnight, they found no one had gone to bed. Everybody seemed to be so ecstatic and full of energy that the perpetrator was gone. Agua Santa returned to their usual chores exalted by a magnificent complicity, by a secret kept by good neighbours, the community know they can trust each other and work together in any situation. Both mothers know what they want and how to get it and both have a level of determination. Their love for their sons is a strong motive to their revenge and are ruthless in their ways of dealing with it. Both mothers dont show a lot of emotion throughout the stories until the very end because they finally know they have done what they needed to do. The endings of the stories are both effective because they are both short and straight to the point and they both end on a happy note and the mothers can live their lives since both of them get their revenge. The characters are firmly rooted in time and place. For example, I think Vendetta had a strong belief about family but not about the community while The Schoolteachers Guest was the opposite. The communities reacted to the killings in different ways. The people of Agua Santa supported Ines and were right behind her and resulted in violent behaviour by vandalising the perpetrators house whilst in Vendetta , the community thought nothing of it and just continued with their lives and took no interest. Ines waits and speculates for things to start up while Widow Saverini gets right on with the task of dealing with the problem. In all, the stories both symbolise revenge and on how the mothers deal with the same situation. By Rio Small 10K1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Enterprise Level Business System :: essays research papers

Enterprise-Level Business System Assessment Several key areas should be reviewed when assessing an enterprise-level business system. It is commonly known that errors made in the early stages of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) can be quite costly. Therefore, careful planning, during the early stages of system development, is crucial. The use of information-gathering tools, during the analysis stage, is useful and recommended. Following will be a review of several of the information-gathering techniques available. The usefulness of business process mapping methods, and which mapping tools should be implemented during the analysis process, will also be discussed. In closing, a review of the methods an analyst can use to confirm an effective understanding of the project requirements will be provided. There are several information-gathering methods available. One such method is a review of the current documentation or Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of the business. Reviewing documentation can provide current and historical information, and has minimal impact on the daily routine of the business. Negatively, the documentation review process can be time-consuming, and many processes may not be documented. Observing and documenting the activities performed by an individual or a particular system are additional methods used to retrieve information. The observation method can be quite reliable, but also may be costly and time-consuming. In addition, observing an individual may make him/her feel uncomfortable, thus impacting the way he/she performs. Another information-gathering technique is to elicit feedback about business requirements and processes from the users of the system. Feedback from actual users can be elicited via questionnaires or in-person interviews. There are bene fits and disadvantages in using each type of technique. Questionnaires are a fairly inexpensive methodology, and results can typically be turned around quickly. Survey instruments can safeguard the interviewee’s anonymity and can be completed at the user’s convenience. Unfortunately, information retrieved from questionnaires may not be very detailed since the ability to probe for additional information is limited. In addition, missing data is irretrievable. In-person interviewing may provide greater details because the analyst has the ability to probe and interact with the interviewee. The analyst also has the ability to observe any nonverbal communication the interviewee may be expressing. On the down side, interviews can be quite time-consuming, and as seen with other methods, increased time typically means increased cost. Another technique is the Joint Application Design (JAD) session. A JAD session consists of a group of key stakeholders who are teamed together to discuss their opinions and the needs of the system or business.

Indianization Term Essay

Question 1 What does the term `Indianization` or `sinicization` refer to when used to describe government administrations headed by invaders or foreign powers? Please give at least 2 examples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These two terms refer to a general cultural assimilation of the foreign government.   Over time, occupying powers in China and India became familiar with the local culture and began to blend in, appearing more and more as locals than foreigners.   In the case of these two countries, this process led to locals being promoted to government positions that were initially reserved for the foreign or invading power.   The nation gradually looks less and less like a conquered state, as more of its own people are placed in positions of power and its populace regains greater self-determination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In India, this process was introduced by the British in the 1920’s and was actually termed Indianisation.   The British appointed Indians to fill senior military ranks and government positions, and set up specific officers to handle this process in a deliberate manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The example is perhaps clearer in China, where Kublai Khan fell in love with Chinese culture in his youth.   In 1271, after being Khan for 20 years, Kublai created the Yuan dynasty which covered the area of China under Mongole rule.   The Yuan dynasty was initially a Mongol administration and was part of the Mongol empire, but with time, successive rulers saw themselves as Chinese emperors rather than Mongol lords.   The Yuan dynasty lost influence over Mongol lands outside of China, and became a true Chinese empire until conquered by the Ming dynasty in 1388 (Saunders, 2001). Question 2 What developments in Southern Song China resemble the Industrial Revolution of the West? Why were the emperors during the Song period so successful when their predecessors were not?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Song period was one of great growth and development in China’s industry and infrastructure.   One of the largest factors of this was the introduction of paper money, leading to a normalized market economy.   This was also a time of development of cities, as opposed to the agrarian economy that had characterized earlier periods.   Cities became centers of trade and industry, leading to the development of a merchant class similar to the later Bourgeoise in Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chinese industry grew along with the merchant class during the Song period.   While finding exact numbers from the time period is difficult, Robert Hartwell notes that Chinese iron production lept sixfold from the early 800’s to 1078, where he notes that Chinese iron production reached 125,000 tons (Hartwell, 1962), far beyond that of the Western powers.   This abundance of iron allowed China to manufacture tools, machinery, and trade goods.   The result was that China’s economy grew dramatically, leading to China surpassing Western Europe in per capita income during the Song dynasty (Maddison, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several factors contributed to the occurrence of this Chinese â€Å"Industrial Revolution† under the Song dynasty.   One was the establishment of a civil bureaucracy as opposed to rule by warlords.   This helped to encourage the development of trade and industry, as well as education, as commoners could achieve these posts via taking the imperial examination.   Another factor was technological innovation, marked by developments such as gunpowder and movable type.   Such social and technological innovation led to expanded opportunities for the peasant class and allowed many to migrate from farms to cities to pursue the newer career paths available to them. Question 3 What combination of Mongol attributes and Song weaknesses made the Mongol conquest successful? Please analyze it detail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The single largest factor leading to the successful Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was the attitudes of each culture towards war.   The Mongols were born and bred for it.   Their culture glorified battle and conquest.   The Mongol empire had been growing for centuries, winning victory after victory, which surely inspired fear and doubt in any army forced to stand against them.   The Song were not pacifists by any means, but they were not warriors in the same vein as the Mongols.   When they broke the Mongol alliance to recapture former lost cities, they were not prepared for the war they had unleashed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One major Song weakness was that the initial battlefields of the war were not favorable positions to hold.   Kaifeng, Luoynag, and Chang’an were already ruined by war.   The Song strategy of defense also played into the Mongols’ hands, allowing the horsewarriors to choose the time and place of battles and ensure local superiority.   This led to the Song being driven back, finally retreating to Guangdong and losing their leader, Emperor Gong, in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Song dynasty was now left effectively leaderless.   The two heirs were mere children.   Without a decisive and strong leader, further efforts at resistance were to prove futile.   The final defeat of the Song at the Battle of Yamen in 1279 was almost a foregone conclusion, as the demoralized and cornered Song were beaten soundly by Kublai Khan’s naval forces, leading to the death of the final Song emperor and the assimilation of Song lands. Question 4 Why did Chinese culture become so popular and accepted in Japan? What are the major differences and similarities between the Chinese and Japanese culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many aspects of Chinese culture passed to Japan in the earlier centuries AD, when China was a more advanced society and the Japanese eager to learn and advance themselves.   This hunger for learning and improvement of their culture was the primary factor that allowed Chinese cultural influence to infiltrate Japanese society.   When the two cultures first made contact Japan had no formal written language and adopted that of the Chinese, which would later be evolved to a similar but distinct written form.   Japan also modelled its imperial bureaucracy after that of China, and the courts of the two nations ended up being very similar in the ranks and titles used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The largest form of cultural influence, though, was religion.   Both Confucianism and Buddhism made strong inroads in Japan, which at the time had a much less sophisticated form of religion.   Both of the Chinese religions imparted practical knowledge about how to run a society and live one’s daily life, and this proved attractive to the Japanese.   This influence led to the development of Zen Buddhism and the famous Japanese samurai culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With these similarities, differences between the two cultures remained.   One of the strongest was the samurai culture, the code of Bushido.   The Japanese samurai evolved to be a warrior caste, something which did not have a counterpart in China on nearly the same scale.   As a result of this, Japan evolved to a more feudal society, with peasant-serfs supporting the samurai nobility in a system of lesser warlords (daimyo) owing fealty to the imperial court (in reality, the Shogun).   Chinese culture, especially in the Ming period, treated the peasantry more as independent landowners rather than as the lowest tier in the feudal machine. Question 5 What impact did Buddhism have on the development of Japanese culture and lifestyles? Give examples in both art and literature where Buddhism was a major factor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Japanese Zen Buddhism infiltrated and permeated every aspect of Japanese culture, influencing the way they thought, governed, created, even loved and made war.   The Japanese have long been famous for appearing reserved, for keeping emotion private.   This is a very Buddhist trait coming from the teachings of the Middle Path, the path of moderation.   Excess is frowned upon.   Discipline and focus are encouraged.   Those two words have formed the foundation of Japanese lifestyles for centuries.   The formalized ritual of the tea ceremony also demonstrates Buddhist influences over such a simple thing as the drinking of tea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The samurai give excellent examples of how Buddhism affected Japanese culture.   The samurai were the ruling class, and as the elite, the commoners would seek to emulate them.   The samurai were known for their unshakeable dedication to their duty, that of serving their daimyo, or leige.   They paid particular emphasis to Samadhi, one of three branches of Buddhism’s Noble Eightfold Path.   The teachings of Samadhi emphasized right effort (continual self-improvement, via constant training at their disciplines), right mindfulness (awareness of one’s surroundings, seeing the world clearly), and right concentration (self-awareness, accomplished via meditation and self-reflection).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Buddhism’s influences also spread into the art and literature of the period.   The clearest example in art is in Japanese gardens and architecture.   Japanese homes were sparse and minimalist, rejecting luxury in favor of the simple necessities, in which the Japanese took joy.   Their gardens were designed and grown as places for tranquility, as places of meditation.   Buddhist influence over literature is seen in such writings as â€Å"An Account of My Hut† by Chomei, an argument for a life of peaceful meditation and tranquility. Question 6 How did a Japanese emperor differ from the Chinese emperor? Which would you consider more superior and why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The primary difference was in the power they wielded.   Chinese emperors tended to wield far more power over their territory and ruling in a monarchial fashion.   While many Chinese emperors were overthrown in the end by court intrigue, regicide, or revolution; during their time on the throne a Chinese emperor was his nation’s absolute ruler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In constrast the Japanese emperors were mostly figureheads.   Though viewed by the populace as a living god, in truth their power was very limited.   For most of the last 1,000 years the real power in Japan was held by the Shogun, the primary warlord who had gained dominance over the others.   Within that period were also many times of strife where Japan had no strong leader but was instead fragmented into many separate warring states, led by Daimyo.   The emperor still reigned during these periods but had no power to stop the warfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chinese emperors fit more closely with the western idea of monarchy, whereas Japanese emperors were described by European explorers as being more akin to the Pope: a spiritual leader with little political clout, while the Shoguns were mentioned as being similar to the European monarchs (Howe, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In absolute terms, Chinese emperors seem to be superior to Japanese by virtue of the greater power they wield.   Argument could be made that monarchial institutions have the inherent weakness of relying too much on one man who may or may not be qualified to rule (just look at the damage some of the Roman emperors such as Nero and Caligula caused), that is beyond the scope of this work.   For the purposes of this discussion, I will argue that Chinese emperors were superior as the Japanese emperors were for the most part figureheads. Question 7 What characteristics of the nomadic peoples made them `barbaric` to the civilizations of India and China?   What characteristics of the nomadic peoples would you consider to be strengths?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China and India viewed their nomadic neighbors as barbarians due to what was seen as an overall lack of civilization.   Most of the nomadic cultures lacked such â€Å"civilizing† characteristics as a large and detailed government system, with most using a system that was very feudal in nature, chieftains owing fealty to greater warlords.   They also lacked what were seen as other civilizing characteristics, such as advanced agriculture with public works projects like canals to support it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another major factor was that of religion.   China and India had very sophisticated religious belief systems, as opposed to the less developed beliefs of the various nomadic groups around them.   As has been seen throughout history in all parts of the world, religion is commonly used as a barometer to judge the level of civilization of a culture, such as in Europe where Christians viewed non-Christians are barbarians. Based on this barometer, the Chinese and Indian cultures viewed others with simpler belief structures as not being as advanced spiritually and philosophically.   Finally, many of the neighboring nomadic cultures had not developed a fully-functional form of written language, often borrowing from Chinese writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And yet despite these â€Å"disadvantages†, nomadic cultures such as the Mongols would end up conquering the great civilized empires.   Their active tribal lifestyle bred them as warriors, not farmers.   Their lifestyle also led them to be superior horsemen, which proved yet another advantage in warfare.   Their people were hardy, used to living without luxury, and well-suited to conducting long campaigns. These cultures that were dismissed as â€Å"barbaric† would end up proving mightier than expected. Question 8 When did the Mughal dynasty rule India. What achievements occurred during this dynasty? What led to the decline of Mughal rule in India?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mughal dynasty began in 1504 when Babur of the Timurids conquered Kabul.   His force was a Muslim army of Mongols and other more local peoples (such as Afghans and Persians).   This and the following decades of consolidation of power with battles fought against smaller regional powers established the Mughal dynasty, and brought Islam to the front in the Indian subcontinent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of note, though, is that the Mughals exercised a religious tolerance rarely seen in the time period.   Though Islam was the primary religion throughout most of the dynasty, Hindus and other religions were rarely persecuted.   The reign of Akar from 1556-1605 brought about the most dramatic change of all, with a policy of direct attempts at reconciliation with Hindus, promoting them to high government office and abolishing the poll tax on non-Muslims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another major and lasting achievement of the Mughals was their architecture.   They were renowned for massive construction projects, including large fortress-palaces such as the monstrous Red Fort in Dehli.   There is also the Taj Mahal, perhaps the most famous lasting architectural sample, built in Agra and completed in 1648.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The decline of the Mughal empire was a long process.   The reign of the last of the strong Mughal emperors, Aurangzeb from 1658 to 1707, saw the empire hold together but the decay had begun and his policies, while temporarily effective, added to the long-term problems.   Wars demonstrated Mughal military might, but drained the treasury; and new anti-Hindu policies led to resentment and rebellion at home and class struggle (Habib, 2001).   This led the way to foreign invasion from the neighboring Marathas, Persians, and Afghans, eating away at the empire until the commonly accepted date of the empire’s final ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar   who was exiled in 1857. Question 9 Ironically, while Europeans later fought wars over control of the sea routes in the Asian region, China abandoned its dominant position. Why did the Ming court decide to end the maritime voyages of Zheng He just as China reached domination of the Asian seas? Was this a poor decision or one that strengthened China? Please explain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were multiple factors that seem to be present in the Ming’s decision to suspend Zheng He’s voyages.   Zheng He did most of his exploring during the time of the Yongle Emperor, and when he died in 1424 his successors seemed to view Zheng He’s growing influence at court as a threat.   Curbing his travels that made him famous would be a good way to reduce his influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cost was also a major factor, as China became embroiled in conflict with its Mongolian neighbors to the north.   Having been once conquered by the Mongolians, the Ming court took this threat very seriously, and devoted every effort to protecting their borders and resisting the Mongols.   Zheng He’s expedition fleet was massive, and the cost of the journeys was thus immense, as he went as an emissary and explorer rather than a trader.   His journeys did not result in wealth pouring into Chinese coffers as did that of the European explorers from the colonies they founded and trade routes they started.   The Ming needed their resources to fight the Mongols, and thus cut back in other areas, such as these naval expeditions in order to meet the Mongol threat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is difficult to say whether this was a wise decision or not in retrospect.   The money saved on naval excursions surely assisted the Ming in their mostly successful efforts to resist the Mongols, culminating in the expansion of the Great Wall of China.   Perhaps if Zheng He’s costly voyages had continued, the resources would not have been available to hold off the Mongols.   And yet there was a cost, which is that when the European nations began arriving in force, the Chinese were not able to resist them.   Overall I would say the decision was wise, in facing the immediate threat rather than a potential and vague future threat that might never materialize. Question 10 Who founded the Ming Dynasty and what were main characteristics of rule during this period? What were the major achievements of the Ming Dynasty? What is meant by saying that the `sprouts of capitalism` can be found in the Ming Dynasty?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ming dynasty was founded in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, a man of peasant birth and monastery education who was one of the leaders of a series of revolts that destroyed the Yuan dynasty.   Upon ascending to the position of emperor, he took the name Hongwu.   Some major traits of Ming rule were favor given to the poor, a strong military, a strong internal focus, and the replacement of the prime minister post with that of the Grand secretary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ming period was a good one for the peasantry.   Hongwu seemed to favor the poor, and gave land to peasants to farm.   Peasants who moved to and farmed unused land could claim it as their own and be free from taxation on it.   This led to an agricultural class much like that to be found later in America, with free citizens owning and cultivating land rather than a feudal serf system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The early Ming favored agriculture over trade, and would eventually forbid oceangoing trade ships from leaving China.   Despite this, trade flourished due to other factors, such as the introduction of silver to the economy which established currency and limited barter.   Another major achievement of the Ming dynasty was its refinement of the Chinese legal code.   The laws were designed to be fair and understandable, so that they could not be taken advantage of by the upper class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capitalism in China flourished during the Ming period.   The empire was stable politically, the lower class more prosperous than ever before.   Owning their own land meant that they received the benefits from their work rather than owing most of the fruits of their labor to a leige.   This was the beginning of a free market, and combined with increased trade, Chinese citizens were rewarded for their hard work and this encouraged them to do well. 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